Nanonis Tramea

作为标准配置，Nanonis Tramea提供8路输入和8路输出。通过在基本配置上增加额外的Tramea信号转换器（TSC）或Tramea信号输出（TSO）单元，可以将Tramea系统升级成最多具有24路输入和48路输出。 

• 16个BNC接头（TSC=8路输入和8路输出，TSO=16路输出)​
• 输入电压范围 = ± 10 V​
• 输出电压范围 = ± 10 V 到1 kΩ 或更高​
• 模拟带宽 = DC – 100 kHz (-3 dB) 输入，DC – 40 kHz (-3 dB)输出​
• 输入有效分辨率 = 60 kS/s时20位，1 kS/s时22位​
• 输出有效分辨率 = 22位hrDAC技术​

The table shows the numbers of input and outputs with different possible combinations of TSC and TSO.

By expanding the number of inputs and outputs with a combination of TSC and TSO units, there is no compromise on signal quality. The extra channels are integrated into the software, so there is no change in the workflow of the system and additional signals are seamlessly integrated into the Tramea software. 

TSC – Tramea Signal Conversion

For samples with large numbers of contacts and when external instruments deliver many signals which need to be digitised, 8 inputs and 8 outputs may not be enough.​

An additional TSC gives you an extra 8 outputs and 8 inputs in addition to the 8 outputs and 8 inputs of the base configuration. Up to 2 extra TSCs on top of the base configuration can be used in combination with the base configuration to give as many as 24 inputs.

​Options: Base configuration (1 TSC in total), TSC-1 (2 TSCs in total), TSC-2 (3 TSCs in total).

TSO – Tramea Signal Output​

For devices that require a large number of gate voltages, the number of outputs required is usually much larger than the amount of signals to be digitised. 8 input channels of the Tramea base configuration may offer sufficient digitizing channels for most applications, but 8 output channels might not cover all the requirements for sample driving voltages.

An additional TSO immediately gives an extra 16 output channels to the 8 inputs and 8 outputs of the base configuration. Up to 2 TSOs can be added to the base configuration to give a maximum number of 40 outputs. When combining this with the TSC modules, a maximum number of 48 high precision, low-noise outputs can be provided.

Options: TSO-1 (1 TSO in total), TSO-2 (2 TSOs in total).

MCVA5 – Multichannel voltage preamplifier

The Nanonis MCVA5 differential multichannel preamplifier offers 4 independent differential channels. It provides low-noise amplification, very high input impedance, high common-mode rejection, gain up to 1000, and differential inputs.​

The 4 differential inputs offer an input impedance greater than 10 TΩ to GND and very low input bias currents of less than 2 pA (typ.). They can be operated in either A-B (differential) or A (single-ended) mode or left floating, and they can be DC- or AC-coupled. The amplification circuit has user-selectable gains of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 and a bandwidth in excess of 500 kHz. Despite the very high input impedance spectral noise is as low as 4 nV/√Hz (SE, gain 100/1000)​.